Chronic Diseases Prevention Review (Online ISSN: 2158-0820)

by  Linxuan Li

Chronic Diseases Prevention Review 2020 4(16) 1-4; published online  25 October 2020

Abstract:  With the development of technology and the passage of time, people's material needs have been constantly met, and mental health has become more and more important. In 2020, the coVID-19 pandemic is sweeping the world. In the face of such a serious public health safety incident, people not only pay attention to their own safety issues, but also suffer from stress, trauma and emotional distress. Post-traumatic stress disorder is a kind of reactive mental disorder. With the in-depth research on mental health, the research in this field is also making new achievements. This article summarizes existing research on PTSD from the perspectives of its basic concept, risk factors, cognitive theory, diagnosis and treatment, which can be an important implication for future research in this field.

by  Yu Gao, Fengju Jia, Liang Shen, Dongfeng Zhang, Xiaoli Shen

Chronic Diseases Prevention Review 2020 4(16)5-13; published online  5 December 2020

Abstract: The present meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of EDS in PD and explore the association of PD with the risk of EDS. PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science database were systematically searched up to Apr 2020, aim to find observational studies on investigating excessive daytime sleepiness in Parkinson disease. Random effects models were selected to evaluate the pooled prevalence of EDS in PD and the Odds Ratio (OR) of EDS in PD comparing with healthy control. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were conducted to explore sources of heterogeneity. The funnel plot and Egger test were used to assess publication bias. Thirteen articles with 3912 participants were included to pool the prevalence of EDS in PD. The pooled prevalence of EDS in all PD patients was 30% (95% CI: 24%-36%). Ten articles with a total number of 1375 PD patients and 1161 age-matched health controls were enrolled to evaluate the association between PD and the risk of EDS. The pooled OR for the risk of EDS in PD was 2.86 (95% CI: 1.89-4.33), indicating that PD was significantly associated with an increased risk of EDS. EDS may cause diminished life quality and hazardous accidents in PD patients, early prevention and interventions of EDS were essential in the treatment of PD.

by  Yuxuan You

Chronic Diseases Prevention Review 2020 4(16)14-20; published online 5 December  2020

Abstract:  Asthma is a chronic disease of the lungs which affected 45.7 million adults in China. Although some of the asthma cases are inherited, in recent years more attention has been paid to environmental factors, one of which is fine particulate matter (PM2.5). PM2.5 refers to fine particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 micrometers, which is small enough to get deep into the lungs, often inducing a series of pathological reactions. This article reviews important findings and recent progress in biological mechanisms of PM2.5 in the asthma pathology, including immunotoxicity, inflammation, oxidative stress, airway remodeling and airway hyperresponsiveness. This review may provide a basis for improved asthma control as well as asthma prevention from a mechanistic perspective.

by  Ruyi Jin, Weibin Xie, Linshan Li, Huangong Li, Na Yang, Yuxin Li, Lixia Xiong, Yu Zhao, Zhengming Li, Sha Zhou

Chronic Diseases Prevention Review 2020 4(16)21-27; published online  25 December 2020

Abstract: To investigate the impact of methyl group in dicarboxamides on bioactivity as ryanodine receptor activators, compound B and C were designed, synthesized and evaluated against oriental armyworm (Pseudaletia separata Walker) and diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella (L.)) for their insecticidal activity. All structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS and their relative absolute configurations were confirmed by chiral HPLC and optical polarimeter. The bioassay results showed that the number of methyl group incorporated in the dicarboxamide structures have clearly impact on each biological activity following the sequence as di-methyl (A) ~ mono-methyl (B) > no methyl group (C). The optical isomer of S configuration (D) originated from structure B showed stronger activity than R configuration (E), as well as higher activity against diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella (L.)) than the corresponding A. Through mode of action study by whole-cell patch-clamp revealed that these compounds released stored calcium ions from endoplasmic reticulum. It was concluded that chiral carbon with S configuration in the aliphatic amido side chain of dicarboxamide might be a critical factor from the standpoint of molecular design strategy.