Chronic Diseases Prevention Review (Online ISSN: 2158-0820)

by  Miaoyu Liu

Chronic Diseases Prevention Review 2020 4(15) 1-4; published online  5 July 2020

Abstract: The CRISPR-Cas system is an adaptive immune defense system found in the genomes of 45% bacteria and most archaea in recent years, which can effectively resist the invasion of foreign genetic elements. In recent years, the CRISPR-Cas system has been used in many fields, such as gene editing, gene therapy, bacterial typing and evolution research.

by  Chenggang Wu, Feng Gao, Song Yuan, Luoyi Shi, Peng Wang, Fei Liu

Chronic Diseases Prevention Review 2020 4(15)5-20; published online  15 July 2020

Abstract: To assess the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in reducing or preventing depression or anxiety. A systematic electronic searching of the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, SPORTSDiscus, PsycINFO, SCOPUS and CINAHL (EBSCOhost) was initially performed up to 5 December 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included if they contained data on depression and/or anxiety outcomes taken pre and post HIIT treatment. Data were extracted by 2 independent coders. Estimates were examined by using random-effects meta-analysis Fourteen independent samples (493 participants) were included. There was a statistical significant reduction in depression symptom following HIIT compared with both continuous training (CT) and control conditions (CON) (HIIT vs. CT: standardized mean difference [SMD]=-0.35, 95% confidence Interval [CI] -0.66 to -0.04, P=0.025; CON: SMD=−0.49, 95% CI −0.92 to −0.07, P=0.022). There were no statistically significant differences between groups in anxiety symptom (HIIT vs. CT: SMD=-0.45, 95% CI -1.11 to 0.21, P=0.182; CON: SMD=-0.14, 95% CI -0.47 to 0.18, P=0.386). HIIT is associated with decreased concurrent depressive symptoms; the association with anxiety symptoms is weak.

by  Caihong Xue, Furong Sun, Fangyuan Wang, Mingming Hu

Chronic Diseases Prevention Review 2020 4(15)21-24; published online  15 August  2020

Abstract: To explore the application effect of cognitive impairment functional training in patients with early and mid-term Alzheimer's disease and the influence of different training cycles on the application effect. 52 patients with Alzheimer's disease were selected for 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks of cognitive impairment training (2 training sessions per week for 30-45 min) in the early and middle stages. Self-control was used at the end of each cycle. Simple Mental State Scale (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE). Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (Montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA). The Lawton and Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, IADL). The cognitive ability and daily living ability of the patients were evaluated, and the evaluation results of each cycle were compared with those when they were enrolled. There were significant differences between MMSE, MOCA and ADL scores and group entry score (P<0.05). Differences in scores between groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). Cognitive impairment training is effective in delaying the progress of Alzheimer's disease in the early and middle stages, and the effect of different training cycles was significantly different, which also plays an important role in improving the quality of life of patients.

by  Genquan Jin, Jingjing Wang, Xiubo Jiang

Chronic Diseases Prevention Review 2020 4(15)25-31; published online  15 August 2020

Abstract: Osteoporosis is a common bone metabolic disorder that can make people weak. It is characterized by reduced bone density and mass, and is often associated with damaged trabecular bone structures, leading to an increased risk of fracture. The pathogenesis of osteoporosis is complex, and the influencing factors include genetic factors, environmental factors, dietary conditions, poor living habits, etc. Moreover, the risk of osteoporosis also varies among different ages, genders and races. At present, there are few studies on the relationship between caffeine and alcohol intake and osteoporosis at home and abroad, and the conclusions of relevant studies are still controversial. Therefore, this study intends to use the large data set of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey to investigate the relationship between caffeine and alcohol intake and osteoporosis, and the results of this study can provide scientific basis for the prevention of osteoporosis in adults.