Cancer Research

World-wide survey found that awareness of the existence of cancer errors

  A misunderstanding: underestimate the carcinogenic effects of alcohol

The 29 countries include, 29,925 adult participants in an international survey shows that high-income countries (the United States, Britain, Australia, Israel, etc.), people tend to underestimate the carcinogenic effects of alcohol, 42% of people think that drinking Does not increase the risk of cancer. In contrast, low-income countries (Kenya and Nigeria), and 15% of middle-income countries (China, Lebanon, Ukraine, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, and so on) in 26% of the persons who came to a similar point of view. In high-income countries, 59% thought that insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables are more dangerous than drinking too much. In fact, the study found that the protective effect of fruits and vegetables as the role of the dangers of alcohol.

Second misunderstanding: mental stress and air pollution hazards have been exaggerated role

In high-income countries, 57% of people think that mental stress than the cancer-causing effects of alcohol-keung, 78% of people think that air pollution is more alcohol than the cancer risk factors. In fact, there is no evidence to suggest that mental stress is a risk factor for cancer; air pollution and excessive alcohol consumption, but also a risk factor for the weak.

Three errors: = terminal cancer

In the middle and low-income countries, people are more pessimistic view of cancer. In low-income countries, 48% of people think nothing of cancer treatments, the cancer is not the same as a death sentence. In the middle-income countries, 39% of the people hold the same view. In contrast, high-income countries, only 17% of people with her.

This misconception may affect the people involved in cancer screening initiative, which is not conducive to the early detection of cancer and treatment.

Misunderstanding four: the treatment of cancer doctors is a matter

In low-income countries, 75% of people believe in the development of cancer treatment options are all doctors have the final say, only 8% of people agree that patients and doctors should make decisions together. In contrast, the economy in developed countries 72% of patients and doctors who agree to a common decision model.

Sum up: the risk factors that act to be underestimated

UICC President-designate of the Hill (Hill) believe that these results reflect the people’s awareness of cancer are still many errors. People underestimate the behavioral factors (excessive drinking, obesity) the risk of exaggerating the environmental factors (pressure, air pollution, etc.) of carcinogenesis, which is carried out in the future of cancer-related education is very enlightening. It should also be relevant to the strengthening of behavioral risk factors in advocacy to promote awareness of lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of cancer.

The study also shows that many people underestimate their own in cancer prevention and control of the initiative. Cancer screening, treatment needs of patients with this kind of publicity will encourage more patients to actively participate in cancer prevention and treatment projects, which will help to reduce cancer incidence and mortality.

Finally, the study reflects the economic conditions in different countries of the residents understand the differences between cancer, which will help the countries targeted for the design of its national conditions and the prevention and treatment of cancer education programs.

  One measure: promotion of “alcohol, tobacco carcinogens”

Looking at China’s big cities and rural areas, the economically developed coastal open cities in central and western regions and different income groups, the passing of the Health and Education, has been widely recognized that alcohol, tobacco, but still a substantial proportion of People drinking as a hobby, and smoking as a style, and even made to drink, smoke the same paradox of longevity.

Two measures: to encourage the control of behavioral factors

Mental stress and environmental pollution, etc. It may be harmful to human health, but its correlation with the cancer has not been confirmed. As a result, the experts proposed to strengthen the people of proven risk factor control.

Three measures: changing concepts

Cancer screening and early diagnosis of treatment are very helpful. A lot of cancer, such as when it is discovered late, often even do not have the opportunity to undergo an operation. In recent years both in urban and rural medical insurance to varying degrees, early screening, free medical check into the project, but to do early detection and treatment of cancer, there are quite a long way to go.

CSCO chairman of the Executive Committee of the Harbin Institute of tumor blood disease, said Professor Ma Jun, so that the long-term cancer patients to maintain a good quality of life, and the tumor “peaceful coexistence” has become for the majority of clinicians and patients.

Four measures: patients with attention to the mentality of

Urban and rural low-income people and poor people generally felt that, once suffering from cancer should be totally dependent on doctors, to follow doctor’s orders. A high cultural level, the higher income groups, will discuss with the doctor together to explore and develop the best treatment. This is part of the crowd will take the initiative to participate in health education, the initiative to accept the treatment of tumors at the forefront of knowledge, and will adjust their mentality, not only attaches great importance to the tumor and contempt. Patients are often put in a state of mind, thinking of optimism, coupled with the scientific and standardized treatment, the patients in stable condition, the sick or the extension of the life and guarantee the quality of life.

1 headache

Weighing about 1400 grams of soft, cerebral capacity and its bone-Lu Qiang, there remain a very small gap, to occupy any space in certain brain tumor, will make the intracranial hypertension, and the resulting severe headache. The law of headache is often in the early morning attack, often sleep in the wake of the pain was, but to get up activities, and alleviate the headache will gradually disappear.

2 vomiting

Due to the increased intracranial pressure, resulting in the medulla oblongata by stimulating the respiratory center, which vomiting symptoms. After more than a headache and vomiting in the emergence of mostly jet-like, splash vomiting complex often scattered around everywhere.

3 visually impaired

Under normal circumstances eye to eye from the blood into the brain, brain hypertension, the blood will return to poor, and lead to stasis edema, retinal eye injury on the visual cells, resulting in decreased vision. When the beginning of a serious eye retina a little bit like, linear, sheet, and even flame-shaped bleeding, depending on the material deformation vague, and even blindness.

4 psychosis

At the front of the brain’s frontal lobe brain tumor, frontal lobe damage to the nerves, caused excitement, restlessness, depression, depressed, forgotten, such as the abnormal performance of fiction.

5 unilateral limb paresthesia

Hemisphere of the brain is located in the central part of the exclusive feel parietal lobe, parts of the brain often lead to unilateral limb pain, temperature, vibration, physical decline or disappear to distinguish sleep.

6 olfactory magic or strangeness

Temporal lobe tumor can be stimulated by the emergence of olfactory magic, a smell that does not exist, such as the burning of rice, the smell of burnt rubber, and so on, sometimes assail the nostrils of the smell taste. Temporal lobe tumor can also make patients who have a strangeness to it (actually very familiar), which more than short-term symptoms, general emerged only ten seconds to several minutes.

7 staggering gait, speech impulse

Small brain-targeted more-specific symptoms, that often in patients with headache, vomiting and objects as obstacles, the emergence of hemiplegia or staggering gait of drunkenness. At the same time, with the impulse of speech, extract materials are not allowed to argue, is not far enough.

8 tinnitus, deafness

This phenomenon in more than a phone call and found that the ear can hear one another while listening to ear does not see that the phenomenon is more a sign of acoustic neuroma.

9 gigantism

The disease was particularly prevalent in the pituitary tumor, the patient showed rapid growth, the emergence of acromegaly.

10 child growth and development of stagnation

Craniopharyngioma found in clinical performance at the age of 15-16 for the body only normal for children 5-6 years old, not sexuality development, the belly full of fat, looks great, “Fu made the juvenile” attitude.

To sum up, the performance of a variety brain tumor, so the above-mentioned symptoms should go to the hospital in time to carry out detailed examination of the current computer tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain tumor can make an early diagnosis.

First: the incidence of cervical cancer and a variety of pathogenic micro-organisms, particularly high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.

If more than 5 female sexual partners, the HPV infection rate is only a single male sexual partners of the 4-fold, and sexual intercourse for the first time the younger, HPV infection rates higher. Statistics show that women account for cervical lesions gynecology clinic about 25%, of which the new cervical precancerous lesions found that more than 1100 cases, and significantly younger age, from 35 years of age to the development of 20 to 30-year-old women than men. Experts stressed that cervical precancerous lesions is no early symptoms, the majority of female friends is the key to strengthen self-defense and physical health. First of all, pay attention to personal hygiene and sexual health; Second, the sex life for more than one year women should have regular gynecological examinations, the 35-year-old women to be more than a year to conduct gynecological examination. If there is irregular vaginal bleeding, contact the same room bleeding, vaginal discharge, and other symptoms should go to hospital for treatment in a timely manner.

Second: The incidence of cervical cancer ages of young women to gradually transfer.

Analysis of the reasons for that, first of all, with the first sexual intercourse, related to age prematurely. This is because the adolescent development of cervical intraepithelial not yet mature, disease resistance of the poor, adolescent girls and the immune system vulnerable to cancer-causing factors and disease. Young women occurred in the second cause of cervical cancer and sexual confusion, most of the cervical infections caused by sexually transmitted diseases, women or their husband’s sexual partners a few more by the sexually transmitted disease the greater the risk of infection, cancer The higher incidence. Data show that multiple sexual partners for women suffering from cervical cancer than the risk of only one sexual partner were high for more than two or three times. In addition, daily contact with money, bills, or in public places, hand railings, door handles, hand is likely to be carrying the virus source, and the toilet, bathing, when the virus will inadvertently into the reproductive tract, it is Easily lead to reproductive tract infections. So, having sex too early and too many sexual partners, women in recent years, the incidence of cervical cancer trends in the younger crowd appeared the culprit. In order to effectively prevent and health of chaos caused by sexually transmitted diseases and even cervical cancer, women should abide by the sexual morality, marriage (before the legal age of marriage) to have sex early, however, can not be a partner with more personalized relationship; marriage should also be restrained To sex and sexual health attention, and resolutely put an end to all extra-marital sex.

Third: the relationship between sex and cervical cancer

150 years ago, people in nuns found in very rare cancer, followed by a number of studies that marriage and the birth of confusion, such as age of first sexual intercourse earlier, more sexual partners and cervical cancer are closely related, there are> 5 sexual partners than those 3 <Partner’s personality relatively high-risk 3 times more than the United States in 1989 a study showed that the number of sexual partners> 10 in new cases of cervical cancer accounted for 36% to show more personality and a partner with cervical carcinoma in situ of cervix Cancer has obvious relevance.

Epidemiological studies also found that early age of first sexual life, such as <18 years, more than 25-year-old high-risk 12.3 times, some people believe that this is the adolescent with squamous metaplasia cervix at the time of the letter Cancer-related sensitive. For anal intercourse the risk of cervical cancer were also increased, but the correlation is real or just a reflection of the two other aspects of sex, or sexual health and, it is not clear.

Some scholars compare the health of women, cervical cancer and their spouses and other acts of sexual characteristics, in order to study the incidence of cervical cancer in men. Spouses of cervical cancer than the number of sexual partners in the control group of spouses for a few more sexual partners; most of the spouses of patients with cervical cancer have a history of all kinds, including genital warts, gonorrhea, genital herpes; and spouses often use condoms, women are cervical cancer Low-risk. In addition, male patients with cancer of the penis of his wife suffering from cancer than other women in the high-risk times 3-6, followed by his ex-wife of men suffering from cancer, his wife is suffering from the risk of cervical cancer than women in the control group 2 times higher. Circumcision’s wife, the relative risk of cervical cancer is very low. 415 cases of cervical cancer patients studies have shown that early age of first sexual intercourse, and my husband’s extra-marital increase in the number of sexual partners, so that the increased relative risk of cervical cancer. Her husband has two extra-marital sexual partners, his wife, the relative risk of cancer increased by 5 times.

In recent years, pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, endocrine disorders, such as gynecological diseases are also more variable. This is mainly related to lifestyle and the environment. In particular pelvic inflammatory disease, it’s an open attitude towards sex, sexual partners and more and more women, many of the people more than abortion, many times this infection, pelvic inflammatory disease on a number of changes. White-collar workers, many young women busy with work and do not want children, people with early pregnancy on the way to termination of pregnancy, when children want to succeed but can not be pregnant. And endocrine disorders caused by “amenorrhea” with the living environment is not good, the spirit of the close relationship between the pressure

This shows that the sexual characteristics and the incidence of cervical cancer are closely related.

Fourth: cervical erosion is one of the reasons for cervical cancer, cervical erosion due to a number of factors:

1. Unclean sex life

Unmarried women because of barriers to protect the hymen, vaginal micro-ecological environment in balance, even if there are germs aggression, it is difficult to stir up trouble, so rare cervical erosion. Once the sexual life of the vagina in a relatively “open” status. Sex life when the penis and cervix have direct contact with, if not pay attention to male sexual health, the bacteria can be directly into the vagina, cervix infection; have been suffering from cervical erosion of women, may add to his cervical inflammation, the expansion of surface erosion, There will be serious bleeding sex life, so cervical erosion - to blame men. As a result, in the life of the former must convince the male genitalia clean.

2. Number of abortions

More importantly, repeated abortions can cause varying degrees of cervical injury, the opportunity for bacteria, lead to cervicitis. As the inflammatory stimulation, local secretions, cervical long-term immersion in the inflammatory secretions caused by erosion will be inside, so women of child-bearing age have to do a good job of contraception to avoid repeated abortions, to prevent the occurrence of cervical erosion. Marvelon and is a reliable, safe, modern oral contraceptives, pregnancy can be avoided, in particular, apply to unmarried women or education.

The mild cervical erosion in clinical practice are often no symptoms, some patients may appear more leucorrhea, leucorrhea for white or yellow mucus purulent, sometimes bloody leucorrhea or have contact with cervical bleeding, generally does not affect fertility, so women do not have friends Excessive worry.

3. Excessive cleaning

Some of the very particular about the health of women, but lack the necessary knowledge, often with large concentrations of liquid disinfectant to clean the vagina, resulting in just the opposite. Because it would not only affect the normal vaginal bacteria growth to curb the role of the decline in bacteria can cause varying degrees of cervical intraepithelial injury, culminating in erosion. Therefore, the right way to wash private parts should be: an appropriate genital cleansing, such as non-essential not to wash the vagina, the female reproductive tract to maintain the natural line of defense, did not damage the ecological balance in the vagina from bacteria to stir up trouble.

4. Menstrual continued too long

Studies have shown that cervical erosion and the menstrual cycle and sustained a few days: the menstrual cycle <20 days of sick persons was 81.80%,> 20 days prevalence rate of persons <43.81%; sustained period the number of days <2 days to only 33.33 percent prevalence rate ,> 8 days to 83.33 percent for the prevalence. As a result, the cycle is too short, too long duration of the women the possibility of occurrence of cervical erosion will increase. Through the extension of the cycle, shortening the period to reduce the incidence of erosion.

5. More sexual partners, sexual intensity is too large (more than 4 per week), sex life, such as menstruation, but also cervical erosion can not be ignored.

To sum up, pay attention to sexual health, to avoid repeated abortions, genital cleansing in the right to adjust the menstrual cycle and put an end to extra-marital sex life is far away from the fundamental cervical erosion.

Can do, such as uterine cancer early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment, the 5-year survival rate to be much higher than other tumors.

How to prevent uterine cancer, the experts teach you recruit 4.

1, should be in accordance with the provisions of the Marriage Law of China’s current family planning policy and related work, due late marriage, childbearing and fewer children.

2, the positive treatment of male circumcision is too long, women’s uterine diseases such as erosion.

3, for women over 30 should be checked regularly to the hospital, under normal circumstances should be checked every year. For a family history of uterine cancer for women, is particularly important check on a regular basis.

4, to promote a reasonable sex life, not too frequent. This will help the family harmony, the relationship between husband and wife, and conducive to the couple’s health. In the sex life, we must pay attention to health, to reduce the adverse factors to stimulate the uterus. Du multi-partner firm personality, multi-partner of the partner’s risk factors more than doubled, not addition, but multiplication.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer is nearly 20 years before the rise of a treatment is mainly applied to locally advanced breast cancer patients. Locally advanced breast cancer is the breast cancer tumors larger than 5 cm in diameter, or the same side more than axillary lymph node swelling, lymph node integration into college, but also thorough medical check-up can not check to see distant metastasis of a class of breast lesions Cancer. Locally advanced breast cancer tumors are usually of a larger local, regional lymph nodes often integrated into a corporation, but also with the armpit of the great vessels have adhesion, direct operation of the difficulties and risks are greater; head and more importantly, locally advanced breast cancer patients When found, although obviously not available to see distant metastasis, but have taken place in the liver, lung and bone marrow tumor cells, such as the possibility of micrometastases are much higher than 50%, so directly after the operation of these peripheral small metastases regular session in the near future Knife-edge in fast growth, soon after led to the emergence of distant metastasis or local recurrence, and thus affect the long-term survival in breast cancer patients army. And through the pre-operative neo-adjuvant chemotherapy, not only can effectively reduce the huge primary breast lesions and axillary lymph node metastasis, so that the number of locally advanced breast cancer surgery can not be possible surgery while in the first period effectively Peripheral anti-tumor micro-metastases, which greatly improved the treatment of locally advanced breast cancer effect.

In addition to the above advantages, the pre-operative neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer there are many other advantages. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy drugs can pass the whole of tumor blood vessels to reach the tumor itself, to avoid surgery because of tumor vascular bed changes to reduce the tumor tissue concentration of chemotherapy drugs so as to enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy; neoadjuvant chemotherapy can also be effectively surgery In the transfer activity of tumor cells and inhibit the transfer has taken place micro-surgery after the tumor cell’s rapid growth; neoadjuvant chemotherapy can provide a valuable tumor chemotherapy sensitivity of the information, which can guide postoperative adjuvant therapy; Finally, the new Adjuvant chemotherapy can effectively reduce the primary tumor lesions, so that the original can not be breast surgery patients through the new adjuvant chemotherapy after breast surgery has greatly enhanced locally advanced breast cancer patient’s quality of life. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy because there are so many advantages, so that the new adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer has become an international study on the treatment of one of the hot spots in the clinical application of more and more popular.

The treatment of locally advanced breast cancer as an important part of a new layer of the importance of adjuvant chemotherapy to more than surgery. Under the new adjuvant chemotherapy for patients Road before a series of checks, including blood, liver and kidney function, electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, ultra-B liver and whole body bone scan, and so on, with the aim of the patient’s body to have a situation in detail To understand the new adjuvant chemotherapy for the necessary preparations. At the same time, before chemotherapy and a very important check - for primary breast cancer lesions of the Po and the core needle biopsy of the axillary lymph nodes for biopsy, with the aim of a clear diagnosis of pathology of the tumor, on the one hand, for patients Prior to the provision of cancer chemotherapy based on the qualitative aspects, on the other hand, can avoid the new adjuvant chemotherapy after the tumor lesions in the room after the disappearance of the entire tumor diagnosis brought about by the tremendous difficulties. Some people may ask for the transfer of breast lesions and lymph node biopsy will be carried out not result in the transfer and proliferation of tumor? In fact, the problem in more than 20 years ago, there is a theory, not cause puncture local tumor metastasis, in particular the puncture After a few hours on chemotherapy, the tumor so that the needle moved because of the possibility of almost zero. The head of the United States and Europe in the number of breast cancer treatment center as early as 20 years ago on the conventional breast cancer patients in the clinic for biopsy, only after a clear biopsy for malignant tumors of the breast, received surgery ward. As a result, patients and their families on the biopsy Needless to doubt and fear. At present, locally advanced breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy is the international standard of treatment. With regard to the treatment of breast cancer for all new technologies and new ideas in keeping with the neo-adjuvant chemotherapy will be the broad masses of medical workers and patients to understand and accept.

In September 1997 by the American Cancer tumors and the World Cancer Research Institute and Cancer Research Foundation launched a “food, nutrition and the prevention of cancer and tumors,” Chi, the book from 8 countries 16 well-known nutrition, cancer and oncology experts spent the next three years from the preparation of the collective. Monograph on the last 15 years all over the world in this field of literature data on the crystallization of the total dietary patterns and cancer and tumors, as well as the relationship between diet and cancer and tumor occurrence and development of the relationship between different parts of the analysis of cancer Disease and cancer and the relationship between food and nutrition, and then describe the various cancer and tumor and the risk of a variety of dietary ingredients (food, nutrients) and the relationship between food processing, the last under the scientific basis for a set of global prevention Cancer and tumor norms of the 14 meals, which are as follows:

1, the supply of food and eating: to plant food intake mainly of a variety of food and adequate nutrition of the food varieties, the main choice of plant food sources, such as vegetables, fruits, legumes and the relatively low degree of processing of cereals.

2 to maintain body weight: a group of adults in the 21-23 range of physical, individual body mass index [weight kg / height 2 (m2)] should be maintained at between 18.5 and 25, are too low to prevent weight or overweight adult Period of weight gain should be limited to less than 5kg.

3 insist on physical activity: adhere to the life-long physical activity, if less physical work, every day should be 1 hour, or similar activity. Appropriate arrangements should also be a week to a little more intense activities 1 hour.

4 vegetables and fruits: eat a whole variety of vegetables and fruits a day, the amount should be 400-800g.

5 other plant food: every day to eat a variety of protein-rich or rich in starch processing of lower cereal, pulses, root vegetables 600-800g, its total energy should account for 45% -60%, to eat less refined sugar .

6 alcoholic beverages: do not encourage or drinking alcohol volume, however, if the drinking, drinking limit of two per day for men, women drink a limit (the meaning of each wine for beer 200ml, wine 100ml, or the potent liquor 25ml) .

7 meat: If you eat meat, red meat per day (such as pork, beef and mutton, etc.) intake should be less than 80g, the best choice of poultry or fish instead of meat, poultry animals.

8 of the total oil and fat: limit the intake of more fat-containing animal food, adequate intake of vegetable oil, oil energy accounted for 15% of the total energy of -30%.

9, salt and salt: salt reduction in the total intake limit for adults in the following 6g a day to reduce the cooking salt intake and preserved foods.

10 storage: easy to corrupt the food should be stored properly to reduce the mold. To avoid a long period of storage of food, mold by contaminated food.

11 preservation: the food easy to corruption, such as not eating in a timely manner, should be refrigerated or frozen.

12, additives and pesticide residues: the establishment and monitoring of food in food additives, pesticides and chemical residues and other pollutants limited to ensure that the provisions in the range of food additives and pesticide residues will not produce harmful effects, especially in developing countries It should be noted in this regard to monitor temporary.

13 cooking: Do not eat charred food. Avoid charred meat and fish, eat as much as possible on a direct flame BBQ food encouraged by the relatively low temperature cooking food.

14 dietary supplements: to reduce the risk of cancer and tumors of the dietary pattern, rather than dietary supplements. If you can follow the dietary recommendations, most likely no need to use dietary supplements, and dietary supplements to reduce the risk of cancer and tumors did not help.

That patients with “diarrhea” are generally cold or gastro-intestinal diseases, such as caused by unsanitary food, it is often purchased from drug treatment at home. Some of the lack of clinical experience of doctors, according to the number of “enteritis” like medicine for the disease, resulting in further delay.

Improper sex life often lead to syphilis, gonorrhea, and other sexually transmitted diseases and vaginal, cervical, and other gynecological diseases. At the same time, the unusual nature of the relationship between the women often lead to cervical cancer, breast cancer.

In general, adult male and female sexuality is a normal physiological activities, harmonious relationship between husband and wife, a normal sex life for the couple’s physical and mental health are useful, but also the stability of the family, husband and wife to promote feelings of the adhesive. However, abnormal sexual relations, sexual health, not only led to the couple divorced, the family of the breakup of the important reasons, but also induced a variety of diseases, especially women of cervical cancer, breast cancer curse. Here’s an unhealthy sexual mainly refers to the number of the opposite sex and sexual relations, supplies and unsanitary, and so on.

Clinical statistics show that sex too early, mainly referring to sex before the age of 18 women, the incidence of cervical cancer is the normal age of the women’s 4 times. If sex too early, as well as suffering from syphilis, gonorrhea, and other sexually transmitted diseases, the incidence of cervical cancer is 6 times that of normal women. This is because the youth in pre-adolescent girls, under the reproductive tract has not yet mature, carcinogenesis of the factors to stimulate more sensitive, early sex life, was infected with bacteria and viruses, with a number of men who have sex with stimulation , The rapid development of the ultimate cause of cervical cancer. In addition, the unusual nature of the relationship between husband and wife due to the lack of normal sex life and environmental laws, for both men and women will bring psychological pressure and tension, psychological and physiological reasons for a double, leading to abnormal sexual relations with women easily Induced cancer.

Hong-Kong singer Anita Mui died of cervical cancer due to have a period of time, but many women of child-bearing age if they are suffering from the early stage cervical cancer is still increasing concern. It is reported that daily come to the hospital caring for colposcopy for women by about 20 people, up to 50 passengers.

     Colposcopy in the world that are widely used in the past 20 years, but also developed rapidly. Colposcopy and cervical cytology for the diagnosis of the technology used. In case of doubt or cytology positive, with colposcopy. Colposcopy lesion can be 10-40 times magnification to observe the naked eye can not see the minimal change in colposcopy select the exact site of lesion biopsy, the final examination with a diagnosis so that it can improve the diagnosis correct , At the same time reduce unnecessary treatment, such as cervical cone resection, hysterectomy.

     Colposcopy not only in the early diagnosis of cervical cancer tumors and identify with the valuable aspects of inflammation, but also in treatment, especially in the cervical intraepithelial cancer treatment, with special value. Benign cervical lesions on the valuation and treatment is also valuable, even in the vagina, urethra and the genital examinations, but also more information available, but can not see inside the pipe cervical lesions, the diagnosis of post-menopausal women in the cervix The role of disease is limited. Patients of this high-definition, with the aid of diagrams, easy to understand very satisfied with the inspection report.

Chang Yin Niunai the crowd, a low incidence of cancer

1940s, Japan’s research institutions to do the epidemiological survey found that Japanese high incidence of gastric cancer, but at the same time, Chang Yin Niunai crowd of the lowest incidence of gastric cancer.

American scientists to a recent experiment also showed that the milk contained in the calcium can damage the large intestine cancer-causing substances to break down non-carcinogenic and eliminated from the body. In the process, vitamin D plays an important role. Every day to drink two to three glasses of milk, its calcium and vitamin D intake than those who do not drink more than 3 times, can reduce the risk of cancer in 1 / 3. This is the San Diego School of Medicine in 2000 for more than 20 years carried out a follow-up study concluded.

Researchers in Finland on 10,000 women over the age of 15 for 24-year follow-up survey found that people who drink milk up to the possibility of a minimum of colon cancer because there is a class of galactose can promote beneficial inhibition of cancer cell growth.

In recent years, scientists extracted from the milk, separation and purification have been IM-94. CAS Shanghai Institute of Cell determine the IM-94 for a small molecule lactalbumin, and the composition of the amino acid sequence and had to switch gene expression experiments. After a large number of experiments to prove that such a small protein molecules to block tumor cells have the unique role of synthetic lipid components, which can deter the growth of cancer cells and development.

According to another study shows that milk fat-rich in anti-cancer substance CLA, therefore, people who drink Quanzhi Nai is not easy to get cancer. CLA can inhibit a variety of cancer cells, but also to block carcinogens in the body play a role in the prevention of breast cancer are particularly effective. The study also found that infants and young children from the beginning of the period intake has been CLA, life can play a role in the protection; and has been in contact with cancer-causing agent after the intake of CLA, on the need to continually add life to achieve the prevention of cancer Role.

In addition, the milk contained in vitamin A, vitamin B2, and so on the stomach and colon cancer have a preventive effect. And that milk contains a variety of human disease to enhance the ability of the antibody immunoglobulin as well as anti-cancer effect. In addition, yogurt contains an enzyme, can effectively prevent cancer patients as a result of chemotherapy and radiotherapy have side effects.

Prevention of cancer, what should we eat?

Medical research shows that the cause of human cancer-causing a number of factors, not a single food will cause cancer, relatively, not by a single food can prevent the need to balance daily food intake to maintain normal metabolism and body Function.

From the clinical point of view, indeed, some cancers and have normal food intake significantly. For example, eat pickled foods may cause stomach cancer; eat nuts may cause oral cancer; such as food preservation mold may have a bad MR Qu toxin caused liver cancer, and so on.

Epidemiological data showed that diet and cancer morbidity and mortality are closely related. In particular, immigration study, the Japanese immigrants in Hawaii, due to changes in diet, gastric cancer mortality rate decreased significantly in the second-generation, with similar white, and a marked increase in colon cancer mortality. Cell and molecular biology data show that some nutrients can inhibit cancer cell growth, cell differentiation, inhibit cancer gene expression, and so on, and the nutrients that the tumor has an important development took place.

The latest research shows that not only is milk, as long as the proper nutritional balance, can reduce the risk of cancer. For example, red meat, fried foods and fatty fast foods (such as fried potatoes), as far as possible to eat less and less smoking, drinking and so on, can be reduced by 15% -20% of the risk of cancer.

World-wide survey found that awareness of the existence of cancer errors

  A misunderstanding: underestimate the carcinogenic effects of alcohol

The 29 countries include, 29,925 adult participants in an international survey shows that high-income countries (the United States, Britain, Australia, Israel, etc.), people tend to underestimate the carcinogenic effects of alcohol, 42% of people think that drinking Does not increase the risk of cancer. In contrast, low-income countries (Kenya and Nigeria), and 15% of middle-income countries (China, Lebanon, Ukraine, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, and so on) in 26% of the persons who came to a similar point of view. In high-income countries, 59% thought that insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables are more dangerous than drinking too much. In fact, the study found that the protective effect of fruits and vegetables as the role of the dangers of alcohol.

Second misunderstanding: mental stress and air pollution hazards have been exaggerated role

In high-income countries, 57% of people think that mental stress than the cancer-causing effects of alcohol-keung, 78% of people think that air pollution is more alcohol than the cancer risk factors. In fact, there is no evidence to suggest that mental stress is a risk factor for cancer; air pollution and excessive alcohol consumption, but also a risk factor for the weak.

Three errors: = terminal cancer

In the middle and low-income countries, people are more pessimistic view of cancer. In low-income countries, 48% of people think nothing of cancer treatments, the cancer is not the same as a death sentence. In the middle-income countries, 39% of the people hold the same view. In contrast, high-income countries, only 17% of people with her.

This misconception may affect the people involved in cancer screening initiative, which is not conducive to the early detection of cancer and treatment.

Misunderstanding four: the treatment of cancer doctors is a matter

In low-income countries, 75% of people believe in the development of cancer treatment options are all doctors have the final say, only 8% of people agree that patients and doctors should make decisions together. In contrast, the economy in developed countries 72% of patients and doctors who agree to a common decision model.

Sum up: the risk factors that act to be underestimated

UICC President-designate of the Hill (Hill) believe that these results reflect the people’s awareness of cancer are still many errors. People underestimate the behavioral factors (excessive drinking, obesity) the risk of exaggerating the environmental factors (pressure, air pollution, etc.) of carcinogenesis, which is carried out in the future of cancer-related education is very enlightening. It should also be relevant to the strengthening of behavioral risk factors in advocacy to promote awareness of lifestyle changes to reduce the risk of cancer.

The study also shows that many people underestimate their own in cancer prevention and control of the initiative. Cancer screening, treatment needs of patients with this kind of publicity will encourage more patients to actively participate in cancer prevention and treatment projects, which will help to reduce cancer incidence and mortality.

Finally, the study reflects the economic conditions in different countries of the residents understand the differences between cancer, which will help the countries targeted for the design of its national conditions and the prevention and treatment of cancer education programs.

  One measure: promotion of “alcohol, tobacco carcinogens”

Looking at China’s big cities and rural areas, the economically developed coastal open cities in central and western regions and different income groups, the passing of the Health and Education, has been widely recognized that alcohol, tobacco, but still a substantial proportion of People drinking as a hobby, and smoking as a style, and even made to drink, smoke the same paradox of longevity.

Two measures: to encourage the control of behavioral factors

Mental stress and environmental pollution, etc. It may be harmful to human health, but its correlation with the cancer has not been confirmed. As a result, the experts proposed to strengthen the people of proven risk factor control.

Three measures: changing concepts

Cancer screening and early diagnosis of treatment are very helpful. A lot of cancer, such as when it is discovered late, often even do not have the opportunity to undergo an operation. In recent years both in urban and rural medical insurance to varying degrees, early screening, free medical check into the project, but to do early detection and treatment of cancer, there are quite a long way to go.

CSCO chairman of the Executive Committee of the Harbin Institute of tumor blood disease, said Professor Ma Jun, so that the long-term cancer patients to maintain a good quality of life, and the tumor “peaceful coexistence” has become for the majority of clinicians and patients.

Four measures: patients with attention to the mentality of

Urban and rural low-income people and poor people generally felt that, once suffering from cancer should be totally dependent on doctors, to follow doctor’s orders. A high cultural level, the higher income groups, will discuss with the doctor together to explore and develop the best treatment. This is part of the crowd will take the initiative to participate in health education, the initiative to accept the treatment of tumors at the forefront of knowledge, and will adjust their mentality, not only attaches great importance to the tumor and contempt. Patients are often put in a state of mind, thinking of optimism, coupled with the scientific and standardized treatment, the patients in stable condition, the sick or the extension of the life and guarantee the quality of life.